Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Behavioral Risk Factors and Type 2 Diabetes Awareness Among Vocational School Students

Fatmaz Zehra Küçük; Nermin Olgun; Ayla Yava; Yasemin Sazak

doi:10.5281/zenodo.12510471

Authors

Fatmaz Zehra Küçük Harran University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-5291
Nermin Olgun Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-4588
Ayla Yava Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3468-6779
Yasemin Sazak İstiklal Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-0719

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12510471

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, FINDRISK, Diabetes Awareness, Nursing Research

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes among university students and assess their awareness and knowledge of the disease. Material and Methods: The research was conducted with the participation of 320 university students through google forms. IBM SPSS 25.00 package program was used for data analysis; number, percentage, mean value, independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test were used. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.5. Results: The study participants had a mean age of 21.09±3.08 years, with 74.1% being female. Based on the FINDRISK scale, 84.5% of participants had a low risk of developing diabetes, while 46.9% had moderate disease awareness. The mean FINDRISK score was higher in individuals aged 25 years and older, those who did not exercise, those who were obese, and those with a family history of DM. These differences were statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusion: The study found a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in disease awareness scores between individuals aged 25 years and older and those with DM in their first-degree relatives, with both groups scoring higher. Healthy diet, regular exercise, overweight, and family history of diabetes influence diabetes awareness and prevalence, especially among university students.

References

Popoviciu MS, Paduraru L, Nutas RM, Ujoc AM, Yahya G, Metwally K, et al. Diabetes Mellitus Secondary to Endocrine Diseases: An Update of Diagnostic and Treatment Particularities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(16):12676.

Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, Ruiz PL-D, Sacre JW, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2022;183:109118.

Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. European journal of epidemiology. 2013;28:169-80.

Çatalçam S, Uzaldi EB, Arpaci DK, Bayraktaroğlu T, Bilici M. Üçüncü Basamak Bir Hastaneye Başvuran riskli Popülasyonda Oral Glukoz Tolerans Testi ile Diabetes Mellitus ve Prediyabet Prevalansının Tespiti. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi. 2017;1(3):111-5.

Erdoğan G, Coşansu G. Diyabet Risk Farkındalığı: Bir Metropol Örneği. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi. 2021;30(5):307-16.

Selph S, Dana T, Blazina I, Bougatsos C, Patel H, Chou R. Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of internal medicine. 2015;162(11):765-76.

Nnamudi AC, Orhue NEJ, Ijeh II. Assessment of the FINDRISC tool in predicting the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in a young adult Nigerian population. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. 2020;44:1-9.

Gabriel R, Acosta T, Florez K, Anillo L, Navarro E, Boukichou N, et al. Validation of the Finnish type 2 diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) with the OGTT in health care practices in Europe. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2021;178:108976.

Adhikari NCD. Prevention of heart problem using artificial intelligence. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIA). 2018;9(2):21-35.

Brehm B, Summer S, Khoury J, Filak A, Lieberman M, Heubi J. Health status and lifestyle habits of US medical students: a longitudinal study. Annals of medical and health sciences research. 2016;6(6):341-7.

Wu Y, Ding Y, Tanaka Y, Zhang W. Risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and recent advances in the treatment and prevention. International journal of medical sciences. 2014;11(11):1185.

Lee KS, Vaillancourt T. Longitudinal associations among bullying by peers, disordered eating behavior, and symptoms of depression during adolescence. JAMA psychiatry. 2018;75(6):605-12.

Yilmaz FT, Celik S, Anataca G. Perceived diabetes risk and actual risk level in relatives of individuals with type 2 diabetes: Its relationship with promotive and protective health behaviors. Electronic Journal of General Medicine. 2022;19(6).

Franz MJ, Boucher JL, Evert AB. Evidence-based diabetes nutrition therapy recommendations are effective: the key is individualization. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy. 2014:65-72.

Lindstrom J, Tuomilehto J. The diabetes risk score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetes care. 2003;26(3):725-31.

Kulkarni M, Foraker RE, McNeill AM, Girman C, Golden SH, Rosamond WD, et al. Evaluation of the modified FINDRISC to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes among middle‐aged white and black ARIC study participants. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2017;19(9):1260-6.

Dinççağ N, Celik S, Cemile İ, Tütüncü Y, YILDIZ SÖ, Satman I. Awareness of diabetes and obesity in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017;21(2):31.

Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics: HarperCollins Publishers; 1983.

Masood I, Saleem A, Hassan A, Zia A, Khan AT. Evaluation of diabetes awareness among general population of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Primary care diabetes. 2016;10(1):3-9.

Foma MA, Saidu Y, Omoleke SA, Jafali J. Awareness of diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients in the Gambia: a strong case for health education and promotion. BMC public health. 2013;13:1-8.

Nieto-Martinez R, Barengo NC, Restrepo M, Assefi A. Large scale application of the Finnish diabetes risk score in Latin American and Caribbean populations: a descriptive study. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2023;14:1188784.

Al-Hussaini M, Mustafa S. Adolescents’ knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus in Kuwait. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2016;52(1):61-6.

Kulak E, Berber B, Temel H, Kutluay SN, Yıldırım M, Dedeoğlu FN, et al. Aile hekimliğine başvuran bireylerde tip 2 diyabet risk düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Türk Aile Hek Derg. 2019;23(1):20-30.

Cosansu G, Celik S, Özcan S, Olgun N, Yıldırım N, Demir HG. Determining type 2 diabetes risk factors for the adults: A community based study from Turkey. Primary care diabetes. 2018;12(5):409-15.